Financial Systems

The act of considering and making funding choices based on desired outcomes. Performance budgeting focuses on the results to be gained through investment decisions.

A systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding the performance of an organization, program, function, or activity. Evaluation is made in terms of its economy and efficiency of operations and effectiveness in achieving desired goals. The performance audit function provides an independent review of management's performance and the degree to which actual performance meets pre-stated goals

The process of preparing management reports and accounts that provide accurate and timely financial and statistical information required by managers to make day-to-day and short-term decisions. Unlike financial accounting, which produces annual reports mainly for external stakeholders, management accounting generates monthly or weekly reports for an organization's internal audiences such as department managers and the chief executive officer.

The composite activity of analyzing, recording, summarizing, reporting, and interpreting the financial transactions of a governmental entity

The process of correlating one set of records with another set of records and/or a physical inventory count that involves identifying, explaining, and correcting differences

A ledger containing the accounts in which are recorded, in detail or in summary, all transactions of the state

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is the discipline of managing risk throughout an agency. Processes include conducting a risk assessment, identifying root causes of identified risks, prioritizing the risks on an enterprise level, determining which risk treatments best address the root causes, and then monitoring the success of the risk treatments. Treatments can include: Transferring the risk, minimizing the likelihood and/or impact of a negative outcome, and eliminating the activity associated with the risk

Management of cost related activities achieved by collecting, analyzing, evaluating, and reporting cost information used for budgeting, estimating, forecasting, and monitoring costs. Cost control typically includes (1) investigative procedures to detect variance of actual costs from budgeted costs, (2) diagnostic procedures to ascertain the cause(s) of variance, and (3) corrective procedures to effect realignment between actual and budgeted costs

The sum established by the agency/institution as available for the entire project, including the construction budget, acquisition costs, furnishings and equipment, compensation for professional services and all contingencies. The cost estimate is used to develop capital project budgets